Mosaics of Aya Sofya

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By the 4th century BC glass mosaics were being used extensively and Byzantium was the center for the craft.  The glittering gold backgrounds of the Aya Sofia mosaics were obtained by sandwiching gold leaf between tiny pieces of glass to prevent tarnishing.  Other colours were obtained by metallic oxides.  The tessarae were hand set into damp mortar. Slight irregularities in the surface cause light to reflect at different angles. 
Constantine lX  Monomachus 

Detail from the mosaic panel of Christ between the Empress Zoe and the Emperor Constantine.

Close examination reveals that the head and inscription which reads 'Constantine by the Divine Christ, Faithful King of the Roman's, has been changed.  Empress Zoe's first husband the Emperor Romanus lll contributed to the repair of the basilica, hence the purse.  His was the first head, followed by husband number 2, Michael lV and finally Constantine who outlived her.  

 

 

 

The figure of the enthroned Christ dominates the mural, and reinforces the difference in stature between the divine and the merely human.  To ensure this he is depicted on a larger scale.  The Byzantine Emperors always aligned themselves closely with the church.

 

The Empress Zoe.   978-1050 

Younger daughter and successor of Constantine Vlll.

  At the request of her father who had no sons and to ensure the stability of the Empire,  she married for the first time at the age of 50.  Six years later Romanus lll was poisoned, presumably by Zoe.  She married her lover on the evening of the day his body was found.  Zoe and Michael lV, ruled jointly until his death at which time she ruled with his nephew.   With the nephew in disgrace she and her elder sister Theodora ruled the Empire.  Upon her marriage to Constantine, it became a threesome.  Theodora and Constantine ruled on  together after the death of Zoe.  He died in 1055 and She in 1066.

 

 

Zoe is seen here in her ceremonial robes, holding a scroll containing a list of donations to the Church.  She doesn't look bad for a woman of 50 does she?

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