Aya Sofia

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Aya Sofia stands on the site  of  two former Basilicas, both destroyed by fire.  Emperor Justinian had a fireproof replacement built in 532-37.   The architects, Anthemius of Tralles and Isidorus of Milenus achieved the near impossible with their design for the apparently unsupported dome.  It was built from special  hollow, porous bricks imported from Greece.   This time it was not fire but an earthquake which brought it tumbling down just 11 years after it's completion.  Many Emperors and Sultans have been involved in  buttressing and strengthening the foundations.  When we visited a massive and much needed interior restoration job was under way.  

 

Following the siege and subsequent fall of Constantinople,  Aya  Sofia became a mosque and all images and Christian symbols were removed.  Fortunately the mosaics were coated with plaster and some survived. The altar and pulpit were replaced by the Muslim equivalents.

Four minarets, were added to the corners thought not at the same time and the cross on the dome became a crescent .

Aya Sofia is no longer a place of worship and is now a museum.  Christian images survive side by side with those of Islam.  These huge roundels, some 30feet in diameter were added in the mid 19th century.  Calligraphy is raised to an art form in Islam and these were the work of a master.   The words are the names of God and can be seen repeated many time in the mosques of Turkey.




In spite of the passages in Exodus forbidding the use of 'graven images' the Iconoclasts were ignored. The walls of the upper gallery, where women went to pray being covered with spectacular mosaics depicting Christ, the saints and various Emperors and their wives.  The Koran leaves no doubt on the question of idolatry which is why the murals were plastered over in the 15th century. 

Of the remaining images the most beautiful and most famous it the early 14th century, Deesis Mosaic  in the South gallery.  This is a detail of the head of Christ the Pantocrator.  Only the head and torso remain.  He is flanked by the Virgin Mary and John the Baptist.

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